Cermin Dunia Kedokteran

Prevalence and Characteristics of Penile Cancer in Karangasem Regency, Indonesia, 2020-2022

I Putu Adi Kurniawan, I Made Suyandnya — Thu, 02 May 2024 00:00:00 +0700

Background: Indonesia reported 1,143 penile carcinoma cases from 2004 to 2013. Bali reported the highest age-standardized incidence rate (ASR) in 2004-2013. Method: A quantitative descriptive retrospective study was conducted at Karangasem General Hospital and Balimed Karangasem Hospital. Results: This study involved 29 patients diagnosed with penile cancer in 2020-2022. The highest number of cases was found in 2020. Most cases were in the 60-69 year age-group (34.5%), with a low educational level (75.9%), a smoking habit (75.9%), no history of circumcision (100%), and squamous cell carcinoma (86.2%). The treatment was mainly partial penectomy (41.3%). Conclusion: The study found that the highest prevalence of penile cancer was 6.02 per 100,000 people in 2020.

Diagnosis and Management of Hydroa Vacciniforme

Reisa Reshinta, Githa Rahmayunita, Rahadi Rihatmadja, Rinadewi Astriningrum — Thu, 02 May 2024 00:00:00 +0700

Hydroa vacciniforme (HV) is a rare photodermatoses with the most frequent onset in childhood. The exact pathogenesis of HV is still not known. This disease is a spectrum with almost similar clinical symptoms, but with a very different prognosis. Classic HV has the best prognosis, but affects the quality of life due to scar formation, while hydroa vacciniforme-like lymphoma (HVLL) is the variant with the worst prognosis. HV needs to be considered as a differential diagnosis, especially in childhood-onset photodermatoses. Classical HV must be distinguishes from hydroa vacciniforme-like lymphoproliferative disorders (HVLPD) because it is related to prognosis. There is still no consensus or guidelines on diagnosis and management for HV.

Diagnosis and Management of Limb Varicose Veins

Kayan Setiawan, Tan Hengky — Thu, 02 May 2024 00:00:00 +0700

Varicose veins are characterized by the elongation, widening, and twisting of the venous system, accompanied by impaired blood circulation. It usually occurs in lower extremities, with a prevalence of 10%-30%. It affects mainly women, and the prevalence rate increases with age. The CEAP (Clinical, Etiological, Anatomical, and Pathophysiological) classification allows for a more precise diagnosis and provides better results. Treatment includes conservative therapy and intervention. With appropriate management, postoperative care, and rehabilitation, the prognosis of varicose veins is generally good.

Risky Behavior of Men who Have Sex with Men (MSM) Increases the Risk of HIV and Syphilis Infection

Ida Ayu Cintya Pradnyandari, Anak Agung Candra Wahyuni, Putu Dyah Ayu Saraswati — Thu, 02 May 2024 00:00:00 +0700

The incidence of sexually transmitted infections in man who have sex with man (MSM) is increased among human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) patients. HIV and syphilis are two sexually transmitted diseases that frequently interact and modify the symptoms and signs of the disease. A case of a 27-year-old male with generalized multiple erythematous plaques including palms and soles since 4 days ago was reported. The patient has been diagnosed with HIV since 2017. The patient is sexually active with a male sex partner and rarely uses condoms. Diagnosis of syphilis is made based on anamnesis, physical examination, and laboratory tests. The treatment was benzathine penicillin G 2.4 million units in 3 doses. The combination of HIV and syphilis needs longer therapy and requires serological follow-up for up to 24 months.

Lethal Complication in a Very Preterm Infant with Congenital Syphilis

Ferry Suganda Gozali, Natasha, Siska — Thu, 02 May 2024 00:00:00 +0700

Introduction: Congenital syphilis is a multi-organ infection caused by Treponema pallidum and transmitted from mother to fetus through uteroplacental circulation. Congenital syphilis is one of the main contributors to neonatal deaths in the United States. Case: A male infant was born by cesarean delivery from a G1P0 mother at 28 weeks of gestational age because of premature rupture of the membrane and anhydramnion. The mother had an untreated latent syphilis infection. The birthweight was 1,400 grams, the head circumference was 25 cm, and the body length was 35 cm. His APGAR score was 3-3-5 with severe asphyxia and respiratory distress syndrome. Multiple abnormalities were found, and the VDRL titre was 1/128. Cardiac-pulmonary resuscitation started immediately with 0.15 mg epinephrine through an intraendotracheal tube and continued with 0.02 mg epinephrine through intravenous access every 3 minutes. The baby was declared dead after 30 minutes of resuscitation. Conclusion: Congenital syphilis can cause lethal complications due to untreated latent syphilis suffered by his mother. The mother should undergo antenatal screening to prevent congenital syphilis.

The Role of Citicoline in Post-Brain Surgery Children

Lina Purnamasari — Thu, 02 May 2024 00:00:00 +0700

Citicoline is a drug that has many benefits as a neuroprotector. Many studies in adults show the clinical benefits of citicoline in various neurological disorders such as dementia, head trauma, stroke, Parkinson, etc. However, the effectiveness of citicoline in children has not been widely studied.

Benefits of Citicoline in Ischemic Stroke Management

Endy Juli Anto, Jekson Martiar Siahaan, Putri Chairani Eyanoer — Wed, 01 May 2024 00:00:00 +0700

Background: Stroke is the third most common disease after heart disease and cancer and the main cause of disability worldwide. The most common type of stroke, which accounts for around 85%-87% of cases, is ischemic stroke (IS). This report is to examine the benefits of citicoline for IS patients. Case: A 63-year-old male was admitted with a diagnosis of IS and electrolyte disturbances. General treatment is semi-Fowler’s position, oxygen, and maintaining fluid and nutritional intake. Specific management is RL infusion 20 gtt/minute, candesartan 1x16 mg, clopidogrel 1x75 mg, omeprazole 40 mg/24 h intravenous (IV), and citicoline 500 mg/12 h IV. The patient showed clinical improvement. Method: Articles in PubMed, Cochrane, and Google Scholar in February-April 2022 were searched to find relevant studies to be evaluated with inclusion and exclusion criteria. The full text was obtained and critically reviewed with the evidence-based medicine guidelines. The results are limited to systematic reviews and meta-analyses. Results: Five studies were deemed valid, important, and applicable. However, the quality of these studies varies. Conclusion: All studies show that citicoline use could potentially improve clinical outcomes in IS patients.

The Role of Topical Sucralfate in Reducing Post-Hemorrhoidectomy Pain

Jessica Nathania, Shania Sutanto Jaya, Anthony Yauwono — Thu, 02 May 2024 00:00:00 +0700

Hemorrhoids are one of the most common perianal cases and may cause lower gastrointestinal bleeding. Most cases can be treated with medications and/or simple procedures. Surgical intervention is required in advanced stages or complicated cases. However, this procedure is often associated with postoperative pain. Topical sucralfate is known to reduce postoperative pain.

Otalgia as a Predictor of Cholesteatoma Formation in Chronic Suppurative Otitis Media

Fabiola Cathleen — Thu, 02 May 2024 00:00:00 +0700

With its locally invasive nature, cholesteatoma has the potential to cause fatal complications. However, many remain undetected until advanced stages. Otalgia is suggested as the indicator of impending intratemporal or intracranial complication and is commonly presented before episodes of characteristic foul-smelling purulent discharge. As an earlier diagnosis of this condition is needed, this study aims to find whether the presence of otalgia has a prognostic value of cholesteatoma formation in adult patients with chronic suppurative otitis media. Literature searching using Pubmed, Cochrane, and ScienceDirect was done from the 12^th to 16^th of March 2022. Two articles were selected and appraised using the Center of Evidence-Based Medicine Oxford tool for prognostic study. Both studies retrospectively found no statistically significant patient characteristics or clinical presentation findings including otalgia that might guide the distinction between chronic suppurative otitis media on first hospital admission with and without cholesteatoma. Even though all studies have good validity, applicability, and precise prognostic estimates owing to their narrow 95%CI, considerable discrepancies between the two studies exist, therefore clinical interpretation remains questionable. Otalgia does not have a significant prognostic role in cholesteatoma formation in patients with chronic suppurative otitis media.